Knee Pain: Causes, Diagnostic Methods and Treatment Options

Introduction

Knee pain is a common health problem that seriously affects the quality of daily life. This condition, which can be caused by various reasons, should be addressed with a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, the causes of knee pain, diagnostic methods and treatment options will be discussed in detail.

Knee Anatomy and Functions

The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. It is formed by the union of the femur, kneecap and tibia. Cartilage structures called menisci play a supporting role in the joint, while muscles and ligaments provide movement and stability of the knee. The knee allows for important movements such as bending, straightening and rotation.

Causes of Knee Pain

The main causes of knee pain are:

• Calcification (Osteoarthritis): Wear and tear of the joint cartilage.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: An inflammation caused by the immune system.
• Meniscus Tear: Damage to the cartilage tissue in the knee.
• Ligament Injuries: Sports injuries or traumas.
• Tendon Inflammation: Inflammation of the tendons.
• Other Causes: Excessive weight, overuse, infections and traumas.

To correctly determine the causes of knee pain physical examination, imaging tests and patient history are important.

Classification of Knee Pain

Knee pain can be classified according to the underlying causes:

• Primary Knee Pain: Occurs due to causes such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or trauma.
• Secondary Knee Pain: Develops due to other conditions such as bursitis and tendonitis.
• Acute or Chronic Pain: Classified according to its duration and severity.

This classification is important in determining the appropriate treatment method.

Diagnostic Methods of Knee Pain

Methods used in the diagnosis of knee pain:

• Physical Examination: Evaluation of the location, movement limitation and severity of the pain.
• X-ray: Evaluation of bone structures.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Detailed examination of soft tissues.
• Computed Tomography (CT): More comprehensive images of bones and joints.
• Laboratory Tests: Determination of inflammation or infection.

Treatment Options for Knee Pain

Treatment options depend on the patient’s condition:

• Drug Therapy: To relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
• Physical Therapy: Strengthening muscles and increasing mobility.
• Injections: Steroid or hyaluronic acid applications.
• Surgery Interventions: For advanced arthritis and serious injuries.

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation for Knee Pain

Physical therapy programs include individual plans to improve knee function. Featured methods:

• Muscle strengthening exercises.
• Flexibility and balance exercises.
• Electrotherapy and hot-cold applications.

Surgical Interventions in Knee Pain

Surgical interventions are applied for serious cases:

• Knee Replacement Surgery: In cases of advanced arthritis.
• Arthroscopic Surgery: Meniscus repair or removal.
• Trauma or Tumor Surgery: Fractures, tumors or other serious injuries.

The recovery process is accelerated with physical therapy after surgery.