What is Osteochondroma?

Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that develops in childhood and adolescence and occurs in the bone and cartilage structure. It usually develops in areas close to the growth plate of long bones such as arms, legs and hips. This tumor usually stops when the growth plates close and is often asymptomatic. It is more common in boys than in girls.

Osteochondroma manifests itself as a protrusion growing outward from the bone surface. It is divided into two as single or multiple osteochondromas. Multiple osteochondromas are associated with multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis, a rare genetic condition. In these patients, tumors may be more widespread and there is a risk of malignancy (transformation into a malignant tumor) in the future.

What are the Symptoms of Osteochondroma?

Although most osteochondromas do not show symptoms, in some cases, symptoms such as pain, swelling, or nerve and vascular compression may be seen. These conditions vary depending on the size and location of the osteochondroma. Large tumors can cause limited movement, nerve compression, and weakening of the surrounding muscles. In addition, bone deformities may occur.

Symptoms of Osteochondroma are as follows:

• Pain and Tenderness: Pain due to pressure in the area where the tumor is located.
• Feeling of a Mass: A bulge that can be felt by hand under the skin.
• Limited Joint Movement: Difficulty in joint movement may be experienced, especially in tumors around the knee and hip.

Diagnosis of Osteochondroma

Osteochondroma is usually diagnosed through physical examination and imaging methods. The most commonly used imaging method is X-ray. Masses growing outward from the bone surface are clearly seen on X-rays. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) can also be used for definitive diagnosis. These methods are important for more detailed evaluation of the tumor's size, location, and effect on surrounding tissues.

Osteochondroma Treatment Methods

Osteochondroma treatment varies depending on the tumor's size, location, and symptoms experienced by the patient. Since most osteochondromas do not show symptoms and their development is complete when growth stops, regular follow-up may be sufficient. However, if symptoms such as pain, nerve compression, or deformity are present, surgical intervention may be required.

Surgical Treatment

If the osteochondroma is large or presses on nerve and vascular structures, surgical removal is recommended. Surgical intervention is based on the principle of completely removing the tumor without damaging the bone. After surgery, the patient usually recovers quickly and can return to normal daily activities within a few weeks.

Osteochondroma Images

Below are examples of what osteochondroma looks like in various bones: