Bone Cancer: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Methods

What is Bone Cancer?

Bone cancer is a type of cancer that originates from bone tissue and occurs with the uncontrolled growth of cells. Bone cancer is divided into primary and secondary. Primary bone cancer originates from bone tissue, while secondary bone cancer spreads to the bones as a result of metastasis from another organ.

Classification of Bone Cancer

• Osteosarcoma: It is the most common type of bone cancer and is usually seen in the long bones.
• Chondrosarcoma: It originates from cartilage tissue and develops in the pelvis, shoulders and ribs.
• Ewing Sarcoma: It is a rare type of bone cancer that is common in children and young adults.
• Fibrosarcoma: It originates from fibroblast cells in the bone and is rare.

Causes of Bone Cancer

• Genetic Factors: Familial cancer syndromes and genetic mutations increase the risk of bone cancer
• Environmental Factors: Radiation exposure and chemical substances can be effective in the formation of bone cancer.

Symptoms of Bone Cancer

• Pain: Bone pain that usually increases at night and does not go away with rest.
• Swelling and Mass: Abnormal swelling or feeling of hardness in the bone area.
• Fractures: Easily broken due to weakening of the bone structure.

Bone Cancer Diagnostic Methods

• Imaging Techniques: X-ray, Magnetic Resonance (MR), Computerized Tomography (CT), PET scans.
• Biopsy: Definitive diagnosis with a sample taken from the tumor tissue is placed.

Bone Cancer Treatment Methods

• Surgical Intervention: Removal of cancerous bone tissue.
• Chemotherapy: Use of drugs to destroy cancer cells.
• Radiotherapy: Killing cancer cells with high-energy rays.
• Targeted Therapy: Modern treatment methods targeting cancer cells.

Bone Cancer and Multidisciplinary Approach

Orthopedic tumor surgeons, oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists and physiotherapists collaborate to create the best treatment process in bone cancer treatment.

Current Developments

• Immunotherapy: Strengthening the immune system against cancer cells.
• Gene Therapies: Interfering with the genetic structure of cancer cells.

Quality of Life and Supportive Care in Bone Cancer Treatment

• Palliative Care: Supportive treatments aimed at relieving symptoms.
• Psychosocial Support: Meeting the emotional and psychological needs of patients.

Rehabilitation Process

• Physiotherapy and Exercise: Helps patients regain their mobility.
• Nutrition: Balanced nutrition programs that support bone health are recommended.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Bone cancer treatment should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team and supportive care services should be provided to improve the quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis and the right treatment plan can increase the chances of recovery for patients.