Bone Marrow Cancer: Definition, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

What is Bone Marrow Cancer?

Bone marrow cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the bone marrow and affects the production of blood cells. Bone marrow is a tissue located inside large bones where blood cells are produced. The uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous cells can prevent the production of healthy blood cells, leading to various health problems in the body.

Types of Bone Marrow Cancer

• Plasma Cell Cancer (Multiple Myeloma): Occurs when plasma cells proliferate uncontrollably.
• Lymphocytic Leukemia: Develops as a result of cancerous white blood cells called lymphocytes.
• Myeloid Leukemia: A type of cancer that originates from myeloid cells in the bone marrow.
• Lymphoma: A type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system and can spread to the bone marrow.

Symptoms of Bone Marrow Cancer

• Weakness and Fatigue: Occurs due to low red blood cells
• Bone Pain: Pain that increases with the growth of cancer in bone tissue.
• Easy Bruising and Bleeding: Develops as a result of decreased platelet levels.
• Weak Immune System: Increased sensitivity to infections.
• Weight Loss and Loss of Appetite: Occurs as a result of metabolism being affected.

Bone Marrow Cancer Diagnostic Methods

• Blood Tests: Counting of blood cells and biochemical analyses.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: Detection of cancer cells with a sample taken from the bone marrow.
• Imaging Techniques: Spread of the tumor with X-ray, MRI, CT and PET scans determined.
• Genetic Tests: A personalized treatment plan is created by analyzing the genetic structure of the cancer.

Bone Marrow Cancer Treatment Options

• Chemotherapy: Drug treatment aimed at destroying cancer cells.
• Radiotherapy: Stopping the growth of cancer cells with high-energy rays.
• Bone Marrow Transplant: Replacing damaged bone marrow with healthy marrow.
• Targeted Therapy: Intervention with specific drugs against cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: New generation treatment that supports the immune system in fighting cancer.

Disease Course and Follow-up Process

Patients diagnosed with bone marrow cancer The treatment process varies depending on the type and stage of cancer. Regular follow-up after treatment ensures that the disease is kept under control. Blood tests, imaging methods and clinical evaluations monitor the health status of patients.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Bone marrow cancer can be controlled with early diagnosis and correct treatment. It is important for patients to have regular health check-ups and to be followed up with a specialist oncologist. The quality of life of patients can be improved with current treatment methods and a multidisciplinary approach.